Criminals of these various groups are either former prison members, corrupt officials and business leaders, people with ethnic ties, or people from the same region with shared criminal experiences and leaders. In 2012, there were as many as 6,000 groups, with more than 200 of them having a global reach. Louis Freeh, former director of the FBI, said that the Russian mafia posed the greatest threat to US national security in the mid-1990s. With the end of World War II, the death of Joseph Stalin, and the fall of the Soviet Union, more gangs emerged in a flourishing black market, exploiting the unstable governments of the former republics. Organized crime in Russia began in the Russian Empire, but it was not until the Soviet era that vory v zakone ('thieves-in-law') emerged as leaders of prison groups in forced labor camps, and their honor code became more defined. Sometimes the initialism is translated and OCG is used. The initialism OPG is Organized Criminal ( prestupnaya in Russian) Group, used to refer to any of the Russian mafia groups, sometimes modified with a specific name, e.g. 'brotherhood'), is a collective of various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union. rússkaya máfiya, IPA: ), otherwise known as Bratva (Russian: братва́, tr. Russian organized crime or Russian mafia (Russian: росси́йская ма́фия, tr. Human trafficking, racketeering, drug trafficking, extortion, murder, robbery, smuggling, arms trafficking, gambling, fencing, prostitution, pornography, money laundering, fraud and financial crimes. Russians, Jews, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Azerbaijanis, Georgians, Armenians, Tajiks, Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz and more ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Īctive mostly in parts of Europe (specifically Russia and other Post-Soviet States), United States (Mostly New York City and Brighton Beach), Canada, Italy, India, Israel, Spain, France, Australia ( Gold Coast, Queensland & Sydney), Hungary, Czech Republic ( August 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. This article or section possibly contains synthesis of material which does not verifiably mention or relate to the main topic.

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